Parlements (French pronunciation: [paʁləmɑ̃] were regional legislative and judicial bodies in Ancien Régime France.
Originally, there was only the Parlement of Paris, born out of the king's council in 1307, and sitting inside the medieval royal palace on the Île de la Cité, still the site of the Paris Hall of Justice. From 1443 until the French Revolution, several other parlements were created in various provinces of France, until at the end of the Ancien Régime provincial parlements were sitting (clockwise from the north) in Douai, Arras, Metz, Nancy, Colmar, Dijon, Besançon, Grenoble, Aix, Perpignan, Toulouse, Pau, Bordeaux, Rennes and Rouen.
They bore no direct relationship to the Parliament of the UK.
See also Parlement de Besançon, Parlement of Brittany and Parlement of Toulouse
More information on the Wikipedia page [1] - which has a list of Parlements with their dates of creation.